The tornado season of 2023 has commenced with a tragic start. Up until April 1, the United States has already encountered a staggering number of tornadoes, nearing 300. March alone accounted for 84 tornadoes, and this doesn’t even include the additional 50-plus tornadoes that occurred during the weekend of March 31. To make matters worse, two separate storm outbreaks resulted in the loss of at least 45 lives in Mississippi, characterized by a colossal EF-4 tornado. But what exactly does an EF-4 tornado signify? And why is a tornado’s strength, intensity, and damage assessed after it strikes rather than beforehand, like hurricanes’ categorization before they make landfall? Well, this brings us to the Fujita Scale, established by Dr. Ted Fujita and Allan Pearson in 1971, which serves as a measure of a tornado’s intensity. Presently, storm experts employ an upgraded version called the Enhanced Fujita Scale, implemented in 2007. This enhanced scale not only gauges a tornado’s intensity but also takes into account the damage it inflicts on structures. Consequently, the Enhanced Fujita Scale rating system has become a valuable tool for meteorologists and emergency responders when planning recovery efforts after severe wind events. The National Weather Service (NWS) employs the Enhanced Fujita Scale to classify tornadoes based on estimated wind speeds and the extent of damage they cause. Trained meteorologists assess the intensity and EF rating by collecting data and scrutinizing structural damage following a tornado’s passing. Remarkably, the NWS is the sole federal agency authorized to assign official EF ratings to tornadoes. Doppler readings, eyewitness testimonies, videos, and photographic evidence are often utilized by the NWS when constructing a comprehensive model of a tornado’s path of devastation. The Enhance Fujita Scale rating is then disseminated to the public via a public announcement, and the data is shared with emergency response organizations when dealing with high-damage cases. It’s important to note that these catastrophic events are infrequent and represent a mere fraction of the approximately 1,000 tornadoes that touch down in the United States each year. Since its implementation in 2007, the Enhanced Fujita Scale has significantly improved the accuracy of the original scale. It incorporates Damage Indicators (DIs) and Degrees of Damage (DoD), providing more detailed estimates of top wind speeds during tornadoes and other extreme weather phenomena. Overall, the Enhance Fujita Scale is a crucial instrument employed by the National Weather Service and other meteorological organizations to rate tornadoes and furnish vital information to individuals affected by severe weather events. By comprehending the intensity of a tornado and the potential damage it can cause, people can take appropriate measures to ensure their safety and protect their property during such harsh conditions. The devastating EF-4 tornado that decimated Rolling Fork, Mississippi on March 24, 2023, took the lives of 21 individuals overnight. Additionally, a study conducted by Northern Illinois University reveals that tornadoes occurring at night, when people are asleep, are more than twice as likely to be fatal compared to those that transpire during the day. The study, which examined 48,000 tornadoes between 1950 and 2005, demonstrated that approximately one out of every 20 overnight tornadoes resulted in fatalities, whereas only one out of every 50 daytime tornadoes showed the same outcome.